5/6/2023 0 Comments Bedtime and wake up timeOne is the biological timing system-the circadian rhythms of approximately 24-hour intervals that influence when and how much we sleep. Internal processes themselves fall into two types. Despite this, sleeping in on weekends allows adolescents to pay back some of their weeknight sleep debt, some workshop participants observed. Sleeping late on Saturday and Sunday, however, usually fosters a later sleep onset on Sunday night. Seventy percent of the teenagers delayed both bedtime and wake-up time by an hour or more on weekends to try to catch up on their sleep. on school nights 91 percent rose at 6:30 a.m. For two-thirds of the students, bedtime was after 11 p.m. A quarter of these students reported sleeping 6.5 hours or less. These older adolescents struggled to stay awake throughout the day, whereas the younger adolescents had no problem at all.Ī sleep habits survey administered to more than 3,000 Rhode Island 9th to 12th graders revealed that the median amount of reported sleep in this group was 7.5 hours (Wolfson and Carskadon, 1998). According to the MSLT, prepubertal and early adolescents were unable to fall asleep in the daytime, but at midpuberty, even with 9 hours and 20 minutes of sleep, daytime drowsiness appeared and worsened. At midpuberty, adolescents also became sleepier during the day. As they progressed through adolescence, they continued to get the same amount of sleep, but they no longer woke spontaneously before the end of the sleep window. The results showed that the younger children slept 9 hours and 20 minutes on average and awoke spontaneously. Starting with the hypothesis that the amount of sleep needed would decrease with age to a typical adult 7.5 hours a night, the study assessed the youngsters at various stages of pubertal development to shed light on the issue of sleep needs. Each night they had the same 10-hour window of time available for sleep, with sleep latency-the time it takes to fall asleep-tested throughout the day at 2-hour intervals. In the laboratory the young study subjects wore electrodes that gauged their physiological reactions in sleep and while they were awake. Researchers measured their sleep according to the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a standard measure of sleepiness the test is administered at designated periods throughout the day to determine the time it takes subjects to fall asleep (Carskadon et al., 1986). Researchers began studying the children when they were 10 to 12 years of age and followed them every summer for 4 to 6 years. In a longitudinal study of sleep and sleepiness in young people, researchers assessed children in a summer “sleep camp” laboratory at Stanford University (Carskadon, 1982). The effects of restricted sleep on sleep structure, mood, and performance in children and young people have been evaluated under different conditions (Carskadon and Dement, 1981). This is in sharp contrast to the stable pattern of sleep found in younger children, who get the same amount of sleep during the week as on weekends-an average of 10 hours a night, Carskadon noted. Thus, while sleep needs remain unchanged, Carskadon said, adolescents are spending less time sleeping, and alterations in sleep schedules during the week compared with those on the weekend are becoming more pronounced. Many begin at or before 7:30 a.m., largely due to the timing and availability of school buses. High school starting times, which typically are earlier than those of middle and elementary schools, have moved to even earlier hours in recent years. In middle adolescence, rising times become earlier during the week, due largely to school starting times. Data from cross-sectional surveys of students show that, from ages 10 to 17, students' self-reported bedtimes become later and later, on both weekdays and weekends (Carskadon, 1990 Wolfson and Carskadon, 1998). Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory and professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, noted several major trends in adolescent sleep patterns. They discussed findings indicating that the factors contributing to teenagers' sleep loss lie in both the biological and the social realms. Workshop participants heard from a panel of researchers who reviewed findings from the United States and abroad on sleep patterns and problems in adolescents.
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